I had an idea and looked a little bit closer to the Sensor Configuration. Because i want to enable the Rotation Vector, i searched in the datasheet which Sensors i need to activate to generate sensor ouput for the rotation vector. Actually i couldnt find it in the datasheet but in the code i obviously used the magnetometer because of mapping the matrix for the magnetometer. I thought maybe the Magnetometer wasn't connected to the supply voltage, but all sensors are enabled by default and the magnetometer was connected to the supply voltage. Then i changed the firmware from :
#include ".\firmware\Bosch_PCB_7183_di03_BMI160-7183_di03.2.1.11696_170103.h"
to
#include ".\firmware\Bosch_PCB_7183_di03_BMI160_BMM150-7183_di03.2.1.11696_170103.h"
And after that change i started to have continously readings, the interrupt fires and data has been transmitted.
I attached the I2C capture log file to this Post.
I also can send the Quaternions via UART to my serial port to the pc!
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2,(uint8_t*)out_buffer, 42, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
The problem was the firmware, if i want to use the Game rotation vector which is a Sensor fusion without the Magnetometer, should i use the old Firmware?
Thank you very much for your help!